Being able to recognize organizational methods (listing, analysis, cause/effect, comparison, contrast, definition/example, and sequence).It helps us understand the ideas in our textbooks and how they are connected to each other because the will fit into logical patterns we are already familiar with. It will also help us to remember what we have read, because we are not memorizing facts in isolation, but relating them to each other to from patterns that hold and organize them in our memory.
A useful way to identify an author’s method of organization is to look for the organizational word clues (OWCs)
Chapter 9: Using Preview, Study-Read, and Review (PSR) Strategies
The PSR technique (preview, study-read, and review) requires that we question ourselves before, during, and after we read. It encourages us to participate in reader-author conversation rather than to read passively. We also add what we know to the conversation by recalling related information.
The PSR technique also requires us to respond to readings by writing in our journal. Commenting in writing help we to understand the material on our own or alert us to the fact that we need to ask a classmate or our instructor for help.
Chapter 10: Textbook Marking
Textbook marking is a systematic mark-and-label reading tool that helps you distinguish important ideas from less important ones. We should aim to mark and label the mail idea, important details, and new vocabulary in our textbook chapters. Always mark information that is unclear, to remind ourselves to find what it mean before we are test on the material.
A personalized system will work well as long as it is consistent, makes sense to us and achieves the main gold of textbook marking showing the relationships between ideas in what we read.
Chapter 11: Reading, Understanding, and Creating Visuals
Visual information reinforces and supplements reading material. Types of visual aids include mind maps, outlines, chart, diagrams, graphs, illustrations, photographs, and time lines. The type of information being conveyed determines what type of visual aid an author will use. Learning how to read visuals will help you to understand and remember the textual information they illustrate.
Effective reading and study strategy is to make your own visual aids. To create an effective visual aid, you have to recognize the important element in what you are reading and be able to prioritize and organize them in a logical and useful format.
Chapter 12: Identifying and Evaluation Arguments
Recognizing arguments as you read lets you critically examine an author’s line of reasoning. Arguments always have the structure of at least one reason and one conclusion. One way to detect them is to look for an author’s conclusion and then track the reason he or she used to reach them. Another way is to look for the argument word clues an author uses to indicate when reasons are being presented and conclusion state. When you find an argument, you should break it down into its constituent parts so that you can determine whether it is well founded and logical.
Argument can be evaluated using specific criteria including determining dependability, distinguishing fact from opinion, and detecting fallacies. The two primary types of argument are deductive and inductive. Deductive arguments have at last one premise that logically leads to a conclusion. Inductive argument being with a series of specific observations and conclude with a generalization that logically flow from them.
Chapter 13: Reading beyond the word
Critical reading comprehension involves challenging yourself to understand what you read in your textbooks at different levels of complexity. Bloom’s taxonomy lists six levels of critical thinking- knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation- that you can use to deepen your understanding of textbook material. By creating and answering question at each of these levels, you will be better able to predict the kinds of questions your instructor will ask on an exam and better prepared to answer them.
Chapter 14: Evaluation Internet Resources
Evaluation Internet sources of information helps you determine if they are reliable and useful. Use the Internet sources evaluation system described in this chapter as a tool for assessing websites.
As a reader and thinker, become an “open minded skeptic” by considering each website’s Relevancy, Reliability, Credibility and Accuracy using the following seven steps:
a. Know your purpose.
b. Double-check facts and sources.
c. Consider the sources.
d. Evaluate content.
e. Determine intended audience.
f. Evaluate the writing.
g. Use what you ready know.
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